柴达木盆地土壤积盐与盐胀溶陷灾害对工程建设的影响     

李小林  马建青  高忠咏  李兆钧 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(1):77-80,I0004

西北干旱荒漠区盐胀溶陷灾害对工程建设的影响较大,但由于技术、资金等原因,对该类型灾害的研究还非常欠缺。文章在分析地处青海省干进中心的柴达木盆地土壤积盐类型分布特点及成因的基础上,客观地阐述了柴达木盆地土壤成盐环境及盐胀溶陷灾害形成演化对工程建设的影响,进而提出了相应的防护治理对策。  相似文献   

A Comparison of Two Canopy Radiative Models in Land Surface Processes     

DAI Qiudan  SUN Shufen 《大气科学进展》2007,24(3)

This paper compares the predictions by two radiative transfer models-the two-stream approximation model and the generalized layered model (developed by the authors) in land surface processes-for different canopies under direct or diffuse radiation conditions. The comparison indicates that there are significant differences between the two models, especially in the near infrared (NIR) band. Results of canopy reflectance from the two-stream model are larger than those from the generalized model. However, results of canopy absorptance from the two-stream model are larger in some cases and smaller in others compared to those from the generalized model, depending on the cases involved. In the visible (VIS) band, canopy reflectance is smaller and canopy absorptance larger from the two-stream model compared to the generalized model when the Leaf Area Index (LAI) is low and soil reflectance is high. In cases of canopies with vertical leaf angles, the differences of reflectance and absorptance in the VIS and NIR bands between the two models are especially large.Two commonly occurring cases, with which the two-stream model cannot deal accurately, are also investigated. One is for a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties; and the other is for incident sky diffuse radiation with a non-uniform distribution. Comparison of the generalized model within the same canopy for both uniform and non-uniform incident diffuse radiation inputs shows smaller differences in general. However, there is a measurable difference between these radiation inputs for a canopy with high leaf angle. This indicates that the application of the two-stream model to a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties will introduce non-negligible errors.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Two Canopy Radiative Models in Land Surface Processes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

戴秋丹  孙菽芬 《大气科学进展》2007,24(3):421-434

This paper compares the predictions by two radiative transfer models-the two-stream approximation model and the generalized layered model （developed by the authors） in land surface processes -for different canopies under direct or diffuse radiation conditions. The comparison indicates that there are significant differences between the two models, especially in the near infrared （NIR） band. Results of canopy reflectance from the two-stream model are larger than those from the generalized model. However, results of canopy absorptance from the two-stream model are larger in some cases and smaller in others compared to those from the generalized model, depending on the cases involved. In the visible （VIS） band, canopy reflectance is smaller and canopy absorptance larger from the two-stream model compared to the generalized model when the Leaf Area Index （LAI） is low and soil reflectance is high. In cases of canopies with vertical leaf angles, the differences of reflectance and absorptance in the VIS and NIR bands between the two models are especially large. Two commonly occurring cases, with which the two-stream model cannot deal accurately, are also investigated. One is for a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties; and the other is for incident sky diffuse radiation with a non-uniform distribution. Comparison of the generalized model within the same canopy for both uniform and non-uniform incident diffuse radiation inputs shows smaller differences in general. However, there is a measurable difference between these radiation inputs for a canopy with high leaf angle. This indicates that the application of the two-stream model to a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties will introduce non-negligible errors.  相似文献   

地震信号广义时频分析及其数值实现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘喜武  刘婉莹  刘洪  李幼铭 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(5):386-390

基于分数阶Fourier变换的信号时频分析称为广义时频分析,将其引入地震信号处理中,是对现有基于传统变换时频分析方法的广义化拓展。这里着重数值实现,探索基于分数阶Fourier变换的时频分析,并应用了其在物探技术中新思路和比较的优势。在分数阶Fourier变换基本定义的基础上,数值实现离散分数阶Fourier变换;研究三类广义时频分析方法及其数值实现;针对地震信号,以伪Wigner分布为例,展示广义时频分析效果。经研究表明:实现的数值算法正确有效;地震信号新的广义时频分布能量更加集中,时频分析的聚焦度和信息特征更加清晰。由此可见,广义时频分析为地震信息特征分析、预测和提取提供新的视角和工具,值得进一步研究和推广。  相似文献   

广义相当位温及其扩展应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

符长锋  李任承  赵振东  卢莹 《气象》2006,32(3):11-17

广义相当位温是一个包含水汽和液态水在内的新的大气热力学参量。通过简明推导和论证，进一步讨论其物理意义和扩展应用；结合耗散结构理论，提出了排熵指数的概念；根据广义相当位温自身的特点，设计了大气液态水含量指数和大气水物质含量指数等预报判据；这些参数在强对流天气和区域性暴雨分析预报中，应用效果较好。  相似文献   

地球深部壳-幔边界的层束精细结构与物理属性研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

滕吉文 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(1):1-23

地球深部壳幔边界的介质结构和属性在地球内部圈层结构,特别是岩石圈结构与深层动力过程的研究中占有重要地位。这不仅由于它是地壳与上地幔的分界,而且它与深部物质的分异、调整及其深、浅物质的运移和耦合密切相关。研究结果表明:①通过地震宽角反射和近垂直反射波场效应可分辨其精细结构;②壳幔边界具有高低速相间的薄层、层束状多态结构;③来自壳幔边界复杂结构的地震反射波和宽角反射波具有明显的和各异的波场特征,并具有明显的动力学响应;④壳幔边界是一个主体由榴辉岩组构的化学界面;⑤给出了壳幔边界的广义模式。  相似文献   

天山北坡中段主要河流的枯季径流分析     

葛新娟  尤平达  吉锦环  胡莲连 《干旱区地理》2006,29(3):338-341

枯水径流是构成河川径流年内分配的重要组成部分,在水资源评价、生态环境及工程水文分析计算中是必不可少的,它是河川径流的一种特殊形态。研究区域地处新疆经济社会发展的中心地带—天山北坡经济带,是水资源紧缺地区,对其枯季径流进行较深入的分析研究,有其重要的现实意义。对天山北坡中段主要河流的冬季、枯水期、最小月和最小日平均流量作了初步分析,并提出某些区域性的基本规律。  相似文献   

煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

撒占友  何学秋  王恩元 《地球物理学报》2006,49(5):1517-1522

理论分析了煤岩变形破坏过程中电磁辐射脉冲数与损伤之间的关系，探讨了煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射产生机制及电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合规律，建立了等围压三轴应力状态下含瓦斯煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合模型，实验测定并分析了单轴压缩状况下含瓦斯煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合规律.结果表明，含瓦斯煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应力电耦合模型很好地反映了煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应特征规律和微观损伤机理.  相似文献   

印度洋海温异常和南海夏季风建立迟早的关系 II.机理分析     

温之平  梁肇宁  吴丽姬 《大气科学》2006,(6)

通过区分ENSO外部影响和偶极子内部局地作用,探讨了前期春季的印度洋海温异常对南海夏季风建立早晚的可能影响途径。结果表明:在没有去除ENSO信号(外部作用)的情况下,全区一致型的海温分布主要通过影响热带印度洋上空纬向季风环流的强弱来影响南海夏季风建立的早晚。去除ENSO信号后,非ENSO全区一致型的海温分布则主要通过影响低层东西向的气压差异和对流层中上层的南北温度梯度的逆转,进而对南海夏季风建立的早晚产生影响;而南印度洋偶极子(SIODM)型的海温分布则主要通过影响亚洲大陆热低压、西太平洋副热带高压和高低层的辐合辐散运动影响南海夏季风的建立。  相似文献   

甘肃省人工增雨（雪）工作发展的思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈添宇李照荣  李荣庆 《干旱气象》2003,21(4):89-92

本文针对甘肃省人工增雨(雪)工作的发展状况，参考国内外的发展动态。提出了甘肃省人工增雨(雪)工作面临和亟待解决的科学问题。  相似文献